Introduction and wholesale sales of Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)

 

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Botanical features

Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira), derived from the plant known as Astraglus spp, encompasses various species, with over 800 different types. Notably, only certain species are responsible for producing Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira).

The plant is characterized by its perennial shrub or small tree structure, with leaves ranging from 4 to 7 leaflets. The foliage is featured in a matte green or grayish hue, covered in white trichrome.

The inflorescence is spherical or oval, containing 2 to 3 flowers.

The fruit is egg-shaped and covered with bent hairs. This plant typically bears one or two seeds, with the majority of its species being characterized by spines.

 

These articles were written about Tragacanth Gum:

Medicinal effects and uses of katira

Chemical composition of Tragacanth

Tragacanth gum

properties and product selling types of Tragacanth Gum

 

 

Species in Iran:

1. Parrowianus Boiss. & Hausskn:

• A shrub with 5 to 6 pairs of lanceolate leaflets, known as yellow or yellowish-green Astraglus
• Geographically distributed in the Zagros Mountains, Alborz Mountains, Paro Mountains in Kermanshah, and the Karaj Valley.

2. Florulentus Boiss. & Hausskn:

• It has 8 to 10 pairs of ovate leaflets with sharp tips.
• Predominantly found in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province.

3. Verus Oliv:

• It can be found in Hamedan, Kermanshah, and Uraman.

4. Pseudoparrowianus Sirj. & Rech:

• It is grown in Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Mazandaran mountains, surroundings of Semnan, Fars, Lar, and Mashhad.

5. A.Gossypinus Fisch. Var Filagineus Boiss.

• Oval-shaped shrub with sharp tips, with yellow thorns and 4 to 7 ovate leaflets.
• It is known for producing the high-quality Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira), specifically the filamentous (seashell) variety via the cutting method.
• Geographically found in the Alborz Mountains, Karaj, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Behbahan, and Hamedan.

6. A.Kurdicus Boiss

• It can be found in Bushehr and mountainous regions.

7. A.Echidna Bge

• It features bushy branches, thorns, and leaves with 6 to 8 pairs of leaflets.
• It can be predominantly seen in the eastern central highlands of Iran.

8. 8. A.Glaucacanthos Fisch

• It is a thorny shrub with leaves having 3 to 4 pairs of leaflets.

9. A.Dolius Boiss. & Hausskn:

• It has 4 pairs of leaflets and dense thorns.
• It can be found in Kurdistan and Uraman.

10. A.Calliphysa Bge:

• It is a thorny plant with white trichomes and 2 to 3 pairs of leaflets.
• It can be found in the deserts of Kerman and Yazd.

11. A.Brachycalyx Fisch:

• It is a shrub with 5 to 9 pairs of leaflets, primarily growing in the highlands of Kurdistan.

12. Astragalus Acutus Bge:

• It is a thorny shrub with leaves having 5 to 7 pairs of leaflets. It grows in the elevated ranges of Mount Dena.

13. Astragalus adscendens Boiss.& Hauss Kn.

• It is a small shrub with arching branches and leaves featuring 4 to 6 pairs of leaflets.
• Khansar gum and Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) are extracted from this species.

14. A.Gummifer labill

• It is a bush reaching a height of 0.5 m, with thorny stems, yellow flowers. The fruit is legume type which contains one seed.

15. A.Sarcocolla Dymock

There is no information available regarding the characteristics and geographical distribution of this species.

Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira):

Cutting the branches and trunk of the Astraglus spp-producing Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) results in the exudation of a white sap, which is then obtained after the gum is dried.

Ecological characteristics of Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) cultivation:

This plant grows in dry, semi-arid, desert, and mountainous regions at elevations ranging from 1200 to 3000 m. It requires shallow, light, and well-draining soil and grows under abundant sunlight.

Harvesting technique:

• Cutting is the best method for extracting gum.
• To identify the collar of the plant, gently push aside the base of the plant in the direction of the slope of the soil.
• In the next step, use a blade to make a vertical incision and create a groove with a single motion.
• Insert the blade into the plant tissue to about 3.1 of the neck diameter. Next, as the blade exits the neck tissue, Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)is secreted.
• The secretion of Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) continues for up to twenty days, and the first sap obtained from the incision of the Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)-producing plant is the most superior and high-quality sap. (The first collection can be done 3 to 4 days after cutting). The gum can be collected during the second cut, 10 days after the first harvest, and the third cut, 14 days after the second harvest.
• The quality of Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)tends to decrease at the second and third cuts. Typically, the gum is harvested in three cuts, with a spacing of 7 to 10 days between each harvest.

Chemical Composition:

Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)consists of a polymeric polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 800,000.

It contains two essential components:

1. Tragacanthin, is composed of uronic acid linked to several arabinose sugar molecules.
2. Bassorin, is an insoluble substance comprising galacturonic acid and connected galactose and xylose sugars.

Chemical Properties:

This plant contains essential elements such as

• 10 to 15% water
• 3% starch
• 3 to 4% minerals
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Galactose
• Galacturonic acid
• Arabinose
• Rhamnose

Types of Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira):

1. Filamentous Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)

• This type of gum is the highest quality, rarest, and most premium variety of Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) available globally.
• The whiter the color of this type, the more valuable it is.
• The filamentous Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) has a thickness of approximately 1cm and a width ranging from 1 to 5 cm.
• Based on its whiteness, Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) is categorized into grades 1, 2, 3, and 4.
• Grade 1 Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira) is completely white, typically harvested during the first cut.
• It can be found in white or yellow colors.

2- Threshing Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)

• The color of this type can be white, brown, or yellow.
• It is graded as 26, 27, and 28. The higher the brightness of its color, the greater its value.

3- Flake Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)

• Formed by deep cutting with a blade and creating a long groove due to the rapid secretion and sudden gathering at the cutting site.

4- Spike Tragacanth Gum (Gond Katira)

• It is produced by dipping a nail or a fork into the plant.

Applications in various industries

• Pharmaceutical industry: Used in the preparation of stomach syrups, medicinal emulsions, ointments, creams, capsule coatings, tablet glossing, vaccine production, and more.
• Dental industry: Utilized in the production of denture adhesives and coatings, as well as toothpaste formulations.
• Cosmetics and personal care industry: Used as a thickening agent in cosmetic and skincare creams.
• Industrial sector: Employed in cigarette glue for bonding, textile printing paste for silk and crepe, polish for leather goods, and textile printing paste for silk and crepe.

Medicinal Properties

• Antiseptic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anxiolytic
• Cholesterol-lowering
• Stomach tonic
• Skin softener
• Treatment for dandruff
• Relief for constipation
• Cold Remedy

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