All Information About Galbanum
Medicinal products of Galbanum (resin gum)
Galbanum gum: A sap is exerted from the stem and/or crown of the plant through scorch or insect nutrition which eventually dries as exposed to air and is called Galbanum resin gum.
Galbanum Names
- Scientific, Persian, English and Arabic name
- Galbanum names
- Scientific name: Ferula Gumosa
- English name: Galbanum
- French name: Galbanum
- German name: Galbanpflanze,Galban
- Italian name: Galbano
- Persian: Barije, Balije, Ashagh, Balanboo, Ghasni
- Turkish name: Ghasi, Ghasni
- Arabic name: Ghane
Galbanum Morphology
Galbanum morphology and medicinal products of Galbanum (resin gum)
Galbanum is an herbaceous perennial, green to grey in color and lots of hair, stem height from 70 to 100 cm, leaves are plain like with deeper fingers, shiny surface and arrate margins. It flowers only once in a whole life cycle.
Galbanum gum types
Galbanum gum types; tear like, mass gum and Galbanum honey
Processed products of Galbanum are two resin gums; hard and soft. Hard Galbanum itself bear tear like and mass types which commonly contains 5-10% essential oil.
Tear like resin
This type of resin is exerted through insect nutrition, stem cut or natural scorch, the sap is then dried and hardened as exposed to air. The color is white to yellow and yellow to green and sometimes turns red. Tear like resin the highest quality Galbanum, the inside color is yellow and transparent if broken and turns dark as exposed to air. Tear like Galbanum will keep it softness through a long period of time, but it hardens by time.
Mass Galbanum Gum
This type of resin which scores as the second rate of quality looks as irregular pieces and white in color usually mixed with other materials. The color mainly turns greenish, green-brown and/or greenish yellow or dark.
Galbanum honey
The soft or paste type of Galbanum is terminally known as Galbanum honey. Honey type is exerted through vertical and horizontal crown cut and usually contain 25-30% essential oil. Galbanum honey i
s also collected from mass like resin remediation.
Galbanum resin chemical composition and Galbanum standard of Iran
Galbanum resin has a strong odor and an astringent, bitter and unpleasant taste. Galbanum standard of Iran is determined by the standard institute.
Galbanum resin chemical composition
Galbanum resin has a strong odor and an astringent, bitter and unpleasant taste. It forms and emulsion with water easily so that 25% dissolves in water. Galbanum averagely contains 9.5% essential oil, 63.5% resin and 27% gum. The quality of Galbanum is determined by the ash which should not be higher than 10%.
Galbanum standard of Iran
Galbanum standard of Iran which is determined by the standard institute uses scientific references below:
- Em- Perrot, Matieres Premieres Usuelles Du Rengna Vegetal Tome Ii- 1944
- Precis De Matere Medicale T.Ii Planchon- P. Bretin P. Manceou 1946
- .Traite De Matiere Meddicale Herail
- Drovalt La Nonvelle Officine 1955
- Pharmacapoea Helvetica Edition- Guinta 1949
- Index Merck & Eme Edi 1935
- Precis De Matiere Medicate I Golse 1955
Grading and commercial classification of Galbanum
We should know the amount of soluble material in alcohol 90ºC boiling+ in trade and marketing Galbanum dry gum is known as gum.
In order to grading Galbanum quality, we should know the amount of soluble material in alcohol 90ºC boiling. Accordingly, 4 types of standard Galbanum are characterized.
| Galbanum type | amount of soluble material in alcohol 90ºC boiling |
| Premium | Up to 10% |
| Grade 1 | 11-25% |
| Grade 2 | 26-35% |
| Grade 3 | 36-50% |
| Ash should not be higher than 10% in none of the Galbanum types. | |
Galbanum commercial classification
There also is another classification for Galbanum in commerce. In fact, in trade and marketing Galbanum dry gum is known as gum and 3 types of gums are listed.
- Gum Arabic
- Gum tragacanth
- Gum careya
Galbanum essential oil and yield
Galbanum essential oil contains right pinnene. A Galbanum product in each plant is dependent on cut frequency, plant vigor and the type of collection.
Galbanum essential oil
Galbanum essential oil contains right pinnene, cadinene, cadinol and valerian de bornyle. The resinous compound is a complex of ombelliferone and/or calbano- resinotanaole.
Galbanum yield
The amount of products per bush is relatively ranged from minimum of 50 to maximum of 150 grams. This value is dependent to many different factors such as cut frequency, plant vigor and the type of collection.
Collecting and storage of Galbanum gum
Primary procedure is removing the soil around the higher than 3 year old plants and then vertical cutting on stems.
Galbanum shows a good growth due to winter precipitations between 6-7 years old plants. Tear like gum is collected from insect fed and natural scorched plants or by scorching plants manually.
In order to collect honey Galbanum, scorching process must be undertaken. For this purpose, primary procedure is removing the soil around the higher than 3 year old plants and then vertical cutting on stems.
Shading should be prepared for cut stems to prevent rain and sun irradiation damage to stems. Another method for collecting Galbanum gum is commonly identified as Shirazi or Eghlidi. Vertical cuts are made on plant stem in this method and the exerted gum will be collected after a week.
Distribution domain and global identity of Galbanum
Iran, Afghanistan and middle Asia. In Iran Zanjan, Charmahal Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Tehran, Qazvin, Kermanshah, Fars, Khorasan and etc. are identified as Galbanum habits.
Distribution range of Galbanum
Global distribution: Iran, Afghanistan and middle Asia
Geographical distribution of Galbanum in Iran
Galbanum in native to Iran. Mountains with higher than 2000 meters elevation in many provinces such as Zanjan, Charmahal Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Tehran, Qazvin, Kermanshah, Fars, Khorasan and etc. are identified as Galbanum habits.
Galbanum in medicine, Properties and uses
Galbanum gum is very warm and dry from traditional medicine point of view. It was used for stomach and intestine disorders, laxative, asthma etc.
Galbanum in medicine, Properties and uses
Galbanum gum is very warm and dry from traditional medicine point of view. It was used for stomach and intestine disorders, laxative, asthma etc.
Galbanum gum mixed with iris oil, relief ear ach if used as drips.
Galbanum gum used with water as wash is good for urinary tract irritation and hemorrhage.
If you want to eat the gum it is better to dissolve it in bitter almond oil.
If using mass gum type mixed with leaves and other compounds put it in warm water to melt and purify it before use, so no pressure force it.
Galbanum gum is more of an industrial use. A colorless stick is made of the gum in industry which is applicate for almas and jewelry.
Other important industrial uses include publishing, textile, paint and medicine.
Pharmacological effects and therapeutic information of Galbanum
Pain relief, anti-bacterial, anti-fungi, dried alcoholic extract was investigated and expectorant and enhancing effects are related to it.
Pharmacological effects of Galbanum
Pain relief, anti-bacterial, anti-fungi. Dried alcoholic extract from aerial parts and roots and tear like gum and Galbanum honey investigated by pharmacologists and pain relief of roots and aerial parts was higher compared to morphine. This was equal to morphine for tear like gum and only lower for Galbanum honey. An anti-fungal effect of Galbanum in comparison to listanine was also reported.
Therapeutic information of Galbanum
This plant contains galbarzonic and galbanic acid which constitutes 40% of the whole complex. Expectorant and enhancing effects are related to these compounds.
Application method, medicinal uses, use prohibitions, cautions and side effects and storage of Galbanum
Edible and locally, as a herb in food industries like non-alcoholic drinks or meat products, odor and aromatic fixator in cosmetic industry, prohibitions include pregnancy and breast feeding mums.
Application method: edible and locally Uses
Today galbanum is most used as edible as a herb in food industries like non-alcoholic drinks or meat products, odor and aromatic fixator in cosmetic industry. Galbanum mixed with Asafoetida was traditionally used for nervous therapy.
Use frequency, amount and use timing of edible galbanum gum
Crushed resin should be grinded to powder and a teaspoon added to 100ml ethanol 70% and leave for 48 hours. Then saf it and 10-12 drips in each eating time, maximum 2 times should be used with meal.
No prohibition is reported for gum.
Cautions:
Pregnancy, breast feeding mums
Side effects of gum use: recommended dosages are not followed by danger, using too high dose; vomit and nausea.
Storage: keep away from sunlight and humidity.
Galbanum gum price in Iran
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Biggest Galbanum supplier in Iran
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Biggest Galbanum exporter in Iran and over the world
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For major purchase, you may call our advisors.
Global export of Galbanum gum
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